Sally Ramage Dabydeen writes

"Trafficking of Women and Children for Prostitution".

This article is a critical analysis of this transnational organised crime. It explores the problem through the business entity and illustrates how this could be researched so that its real extent is measured for the sake of history. The writer explains how traditional forensic techniques can be used to gather the evidence necessary to assess it rationally and to develop strategies and techniques to bring restitution to these women and to eventually eradicate it from the face of the earth.

Introduction
Trafficking of women and children is part of organised crime activity in which these women are transported from Africa, South America, Asia, Middle East and Eastern Europe to Western Europe and North America to be used as prostitutes and for child pornography, slave labour, automobiles couriers, body parts couriers, fauna and flora couriers, for thieving of nuclear material , drugs couriers , arms couriers, even ordinary thieving as pick-pocketing for gangs as part of transnational organised crime

For commercial sex trade, women and children are trafficked from Africa, India, Pakistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Middle East, Indonesia, Central America, Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Japan, Ukraine, Eastern Europe and Dominican Republic These women and children who are the supply side of Western brothels are trafficked to Western countries, namely the Netherlands, , Western Europe. United States Greece, Spain, Switzerland , Australia, Germany, Austria

Although the United States CIA has estimated the number of children trafficked to the US in 2003 as being only several thousands , estimates from studies done for UNICEF in 1997 revealed 300,000 child prostitutes trafficked to the United States. in the year.
The United Nations estimated that 1.2 million children are trafficked each year This is not the total figure for all child prostitutes in the world as there are an extra estimated one million children in their own countries who are sexually exploited by tourists who travel to the children's countries for sex with children., making the probable number of these abused innocent minors about 2 million.

The United States , in statistics estimated by government intelligence, state forty or fifty thousand women and children were trafficked there for prostitution , notwithstanding that in 1997 the UNESCO figure was 300,000 trafficked children to the US , the 1997 US illegal immigrants figure being 100,000 from China alone , there seems to have been an astonishing fall in numbers in just six years.

The United Kingdom has never acknowledged prostitution through trafficking.Rather, successive governments have seen the victims as illegal immigrant prostitutes, and sought to deport them. There were Acts passed in 1898, 1908, 1912,1922, 1956 which attempted to curb prostitution, but never did they address trafficked prostitutes in particular. UK legislation against trafficking is found in the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 and the Sexual Offences Act 2003. Section 145 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 covers the offences of arranging or facilitating the arrival, travel or departure of a person in the UK for the purpose of control over prostitution. Yet the UK police claim that trafficking is very rare and that the majority of these women have come voluntarily to the UK to work as prostitutes It is this denial of the problem that continued the trade for fifty years.

The UK has four hundred and seventy 'brothel and yet no-one addresses the real underlying organised transnational crime.. In 2003 the UK police made co-ordinated raids on several 'brothels' in the north of England, arrested the prostitutes and deported those with incorrect papers.

Trafficking business can be hidden in a legitimate business's accounts and never show up because it is dealt with in the petty cash section, which can run into big figures for large companies. How can such crimes be covered up in large companies’ accounts ? It is well known that as companies grow larger, it becomes necessary to have several “books” instead of just one ledger and as companies grows even larger, these “books” are further sub-divided and one such “book” is the petty cash book. Whilst the petty cash account has advantages of handling and recording small cash payments by junior personnel and posting monthly entries to the main Profit and Loss account What do you need to ask about the book-keeping and accounts ?

Are these regular for the type of business that this business purports to be? If a photography business is formed as a limited company and makes good net profits of over £100,000 each year, you would expect that it has regular corporate clients, contract work and staff.

If an auditor is not thoroughly familiar with the nature of the business, he cannot spot fronting arrangements that hide trafficking offences. This means that the auditor should really know the type of business he is auditing, the key business activities, the products, the service, the customers, the industry and the competitors. This is not as easy as it sounds because a company can have whatever name it chooses , apart from the prohibitions under the Business Names Act 1985 sections 2 and 3, and Companies Act section 26.

Also, profiling techniques can also be used to detect money laundering and thus trafficking. Bank statements of criminal suspects can be examined to identify cash deposits, unusual transactions, gross income, female dependants , nature of personal transactions, standard of living, taste in entertainment, internet transactions, transfers of moneys to large corporations , etc. The person can be checked against Companies’ House records for director disqualification. An internet search might reveal some past criminality. His credit reference may be sought.
Conclusion
The writer leaves this concluding comment. There is tremendous financial gains in the pornographic businesses . Even on a few products surveyed, it is clear that the margins are of the scale of 500% and more Many have been waiting for fifty years to stop sex exploitation . They still wait..