jim writes: from Rethinking Marxism Volume 13, Number 3/4 (Fall/Winter 2001)
Protocol, or, How Control Exists after Decentralization
Alex Galloway
So far there is no Marxist theory of the media.
-Hans Magnus Enzensberger
The basic question asked by Empire is this: How does control exist after decentralization?
In former times the answer was clear. In what Michel Foucault called the sovereign societies of the classical era, characterized by centralized power and sovereign fiat, control existed as an extension of the word and deed of the master, assisted by violence and other coercive factors. Later, the disciplinary societies of the modern era took hold, replacing violence with more bureaucratic forms of command and control. Gilles Deleuze has extended this periodization into the present day by suggesting that after the disciplinary societies come the societies of control. Hardt and Negri (2000) fundamentally agree with this periodization, calling it instead the move from the modern disciplinary societies to societies of imperial control.